obvious that the original value used was similar to coarse aggregate in typical concrete. Introduction. Perlite is used in the manufacture of lightweight perlite concrete, insulating board, insulating plasters, cryogenic insulation, masonry wall insulation and as underfloor insulation. Raw perlites when heated to a suitable temperature (above 870 °C) expand and transform into a cellular material of low bulk density.This expansion process is due to the presence of two to six percent combined water in the crude perlite rock. Excess water and under mixing may reduce yield and workability. Answer (1 of 2): Perlite being a light weight aggregate so to speak, have air voids within it. Gulf Perlite Concrete Blocks (PCBs) are lightweight, insulating blockworks engineered for bottom ring beams of double-wall cryogenic tanks. When heated, perlite expands in volume up to 20 times its original size. The lower the density, the higher the insulating value. The importance of properly designing and specifiying the mix and the proper use of the air entraining agent cannot be overemphasized. The addition of sand to a perlite/cement mix will increase the density and compressive strength. The average density of the perlite is 105 kg/m3, thus having a specific gravity of 0.105. Increase or decrease the amount of perlite as needed to achieve the desired insulation value and compressive strength. The density of light weight concrete falls between 1140 to 1840 kg/m3 and it depends on the relative density of light weight aggregates[2]. Perlite is a natural stone expanded under high temperature. Over dense concrete roof and floor slabs. Refer to Table 5.1 below: TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PERLITE CONCRETE IN METRIC UNITS (Cement Density /Perlite) (Typical) Cement Perlite Entraining Density Density Conductivity Agent Range Range Range Compressive Density Strength when The use of the correct amount of air entraining agent is very important in successful perlite concrete construction. Any other installation that required lightweight concrete with a compressive strength not exceeding 8 n/mm 2 for concrete and 13 n/mm 2 for screed. The control group concrete was designed to have a compressive strength at 44 MPa. Reducing the density of plaster products has a number of advantages including lower transport costs, less effort to mix/apply, it can be used in thicker layers (without sagging), and it has improved thermal insulation and fire resistance properties. Perlite Lightweight Insulating Concrete with a density of less than 800 kg/m³ (50 lb./ft3) offers extremely low K-values (as low as 0.08 W/mK) which can be considered in the overall build-up U-Value (Thermal Transmittance) The concrete is targeted to have a density of less than 2000 kg/m3 and a 28-day compressive strength of not less than 30 MPa. Concrete, specified density-Structural concrete having a specified equilibrium density between 50 to 140 lb/ft³ (800 to 2240 kg/m³) or greater than 155 lb/ft³ (2480 kg/m³) (see concrete, normalweight). The concrete plug formed on curing provides the benefits of both thermal insulation and fire-resistance to the structural members and the building, while having a relatively low density. Perlite is one of nature's most versatile and efficient minerals formed by magmatic rock, also known as volcanic glass. Perlite's important natural property is the ability to expand when rapidly heated at temperature of 800°C-950°C. building material. Perlite concrete can be made with a dry density of 20 lb/ft 3 (320 kg/m 3) or with the addition of sand or other aggregates up to 90 lb/ft 3 (1440 kg/m 3). It is insulating (both thermally and acoustically) and intrinsically fire resistant. Vermiculite Concrete Introduction Vermiculite concrete is a low density non-structural construction product. Unexpanded ("raw") perlite has a bulk density around 1100 kg/m 3 (1.1 g/cm 3), while typical expanded perlite has a bulk density of about 30-150 kg/m 3 (0.03-0.150 g/cm 3). Perlite insulation suitable for non-evacuated cryogenic or low temperature use, exhibits low thermal conductivity throughout a range of densities; the normal recommended density range is 48 to 72kg/m³ . Thus having low conductivity. Gulf Perlite PCBs provide excellent thermal insulation and structural . The lower the density, the higher the insulating value. Because of the perlite, it may have a relatively low density for a structural concrete and a relatively high compressive strength. Density of Concrete. Proper mixing will assure the maximum yield and uniformity. Density of Perlite[2] =8.11 lb/ft3 Density of Cement =195 lb/ft3 Density of fine Aggregate[3] =100 lb/ft3 Five different trials for a specific mix proportions were prepared and casted in a 2 x 2 x 2 in3 mould, to find the best compressive strength and lightest concrete mix design. natural perlite aggregate can be actively used to produce lightweight aggregate concrete. Also, the use of perlite powder, which will provide economy, can reduce dead weight further and increase performance. strength of normal concrete with perlite concrete by partially replacing of perlite with sand as a percentage of 5%, 10%, and 15% in normal concrete mix. The lower the density, the higher the insulating value. Use only 3 cubic feet for half a 94-pound bag of cement, or 1 1/2 cubic feet when using one-fourth of the cement bag. The reduced density of light weight concrete is achieved by using aggregates such as expanded clay, perlite, vermiculite, EPS beads etc[3,4,5]. This study focuses on the development of durable structural lightweight concrete (LWC) by incorporating expanded perlite aggregate (EPA) in the range of 0 to 20% by weight. Mix Data for Perlite Concrete Floor Fills Heavy Cement Perlite Aggregate AEAt Water Ct. The low density of perlite concrete makes it ideal for filling of floors and sunken areas where weight of concrete is to be reduced. Perlite lightweight concrete can be delivered through densities ranging from 400kg/m3 to 2000kg/m3. Step 4. physical pro p e r ties of perlite concrete are controlled by its dry density which is the principal factor in its specifi-cation. Key words: Perlite Aggregate, Perlite Powder, Structural Lightweight Concrete. Perlite concrete can be mixed and transported in the same way as other concrete. Perlite insulating concrete is light in weight, ranging from 20-40 lb/ft 3 (320-640 kg/m 3) depending on the desired density and insulating value. It is worth mentioning that perlite is also a building material with a high porosity and a very low bulk density. A minimum thickness of one inch or greater as specified. Perlite concrete can be made with a dry density of 20 lb/ft3(320 kg/m3) or with the addition of sand or other aggregates up to 90 lb/ft3(1440 kg/m3). Perlite insulating concrete is a combination of perlite aggregate. Location: #2 Water Absorption ASTM C 209 2.7% by volume (2 hrs) Compressive Strength ASTM C 165 5% consolidate: 38 psi Flexural Strength ASTM C 203 88 psi Density ASTM C 209 11-14 pcf **Rotary kiln expanded shale. Therefore, the architect or engineer usually specifies the wet density of the perlite concrete with a plus or minus 2 lb/ft 3 (32 kg/m 3) range. The world reserves of perlite are estimated at 700 million tonnes. About 2 minutes. Perlite concretes good insulating ability and low density reduces material weight and installation height compared to other light additions. Bulk Density (loose weight) : depending on the expansion process but usually in the 2-25 lb/ft 3 range (32-400 kg/m 3) Softening Point : 1600 - 2000 o F (871 - 1093 o C) Perlite insulating concrete consists of an appropriate mixture of portland cement, perlite aggregate and water. Considering specific density of 1.1 ton/m 3 confirmed reserves in Armenia amount to 136 million tons. Perlite, Expanded 8-12 Perlite, Expanded, Powder 4-12 . Step 4. Having very low crushing strength, it is seldom used in structures of . Bulk Density (loose weight) : depending on the expansion process but usually in the 2-25 lb/ft 3 range (32-400 kg/m 3) Softening Point : 1600 - 2000 o F (871 - 1093 o C) Thereafter, six sets of cubic specimens an d six sets of parallelepiped specimens were prepared at a water - to - cement ratio of 0.70 with . Concrete, Cinder 90-100 Concrete, 2 Inch Slump 100-150 Concrete, 4 Inch Slump 110-150 . Density ASTM C 209 9 pcf Linear Expansion ASTM C 209 < 0.5% EnergyGuard ™ Perlite Recover Board Laminar Strength ASTM C 209 15 psi Manuf. Perlite Concrete Blocks can be manufactured as per project requirement and specifications and delivered across the globe in containers from our manufacturing plant in Jebel Ali, Dubai. Perlite concrete and screeds are ideal for: Roofs decks over metal profile decking. An ideal balance between reduced dead load, ad-equate compression and indentation strengths and good insulating value can be achieved with a density of 24 to 28 pounds per cubic foot.1 2 Greater densities can be Perlite concrete can be made with a dry density of 320 kg/m3 or with the addition of sand or other aggregates up to 1440 kg/m3. Perlite mets, expands and attain an extremely porous surface, increasing its volume by 10-14 times. Over mixing may degrade the perlite and increase concrete density, reducing yield. The expanded perlite allows the resulting concrete to be relatively strong in compression, preferably having a 28-day strength of approximately 700 psi. The expanded material is a brilliant white, due to the reflectivity of the trapped bubbles. In addition to its excellent thermal properties, Perlite insulation is cost efficient, easy to handle and install, non-combustible and meets . The proper proportions of materials for various perlite concrete mixes are shown in the following table. Gulf Perlite Construct is a specially engineered lightweight aggregate manufactured in compliance to ASTM C 332 at our state-of-the-art production facility in Jebel Ali, Dubai. Exploded perlite is sieved and packed as granules. The 28-day design strength in compression is preferably at least approximately 700 psi. In screed and filling concretes, it is suitable to have 1 - 3 mm dimensions and ≥ 60 kg / m3 in density. Factor Density Compression (Sacks) (cf) (cf) (oz) U.S. Gal/Sack cu.yd. Air Entraining Agent. In construction applications, perlite aggregates for plaster and lightweight insulating concrete have density ranges from 96 - 192 kg/m³ (6 - 12 Ib/ft³), in compliance with ASTM standards. Typical densities of various substances are at atmospheric pressure. . Specified density concrete (SDC) may consist as one type of aggregate or of a combination of lightweight and normalweight aggregate. This paper presents the test results of the lightweight concrete properties obtained by adding expanded perlite (EP) to an RPC mix in quantities from 30% to 60% by volume of the concrete mix. With enriching experience over last few years in India as well as in the middle-east, our team, having expertise in waterproofing as well, provide you with modernized solutions not only for roof and podium waterproofing but also in floor screeds. Pour 6 cubic feet of perlite into the wet cement mixture. Excess water and under mixing may reduce yield and workability. Perlite for Sound Insulation The large irregular surface area of Perlite Particles make them a useful ingredient in sound absorbing material designed for acoustical treatment to prevent reflection and . Wet Dry 28 day, psi 1 3 2* 6 8.5 5.82 82 72 1060 1 3 2** 4 8.5 6.12 66 54 1220 t Available from Perlite Institute, Inc., members. The specimens And from more results of strength and density it was possible to deliver lightweight with 20MPa cylindrical compressive strength. The proper proportions of materials for various perlite concrete mixes are shown in the following table. Add all perlite: then mix again only long enough for a uniform mix, probably another two to three minutes. per square foot. The concrete density varies depending on the amount and density of the aggregate, how much air is entrapped or purposely entrained, the cement concentration, and the maximum size of aggregate used. BULK MATERIAL DENSITY TABLE Material Description Loose Bulk Density #/Ft. Its weight can be varied in the range of 20 to 50 pounds per cubic foot, depending on the mix design selected. During the production of perlite, waste material (WEP) is produced, for which re-use is sought. Market Applications: Construction (Concrete Block, Insulation) Complies with the Requirements of ASTM C 549-06 Standard Specifications for Perlite Loose Fill Insulation. Lightweight perlite concrete has densities from 50 to 110 lb/ft3 (800 - 1800 kg/m3), includes microsilica sand and offers high compressive and flexural strength, making it suitable floor finishes and fills. This is in comparison to sand and gravel concrete which weighs 140 to 150 pounds per cubic foot and the 60 to 120 pounds . per cubic foot, depending on how much sand or other aggregate is added to the mix. The mix proportion for 1m3 of perlite concrete, Water: Cement: Fine aggregate: Perlite aggregate 208 : 41 : 721.35 : 655.77 4.4 Casting of Specimens of After mixing, the conventional concrete mix and perlite concrete mix with different water cement ratio are filled in cubic and cylindrical moulds for testing. Sandwich construction. Pig pens and farrowing pens. Unit weight of concrete can be reduced significantly by replacing natural aggregate by the expanded perlite. In this study, the air dry density of the concrete was reduced to a minimum of 392 kg/m 3. Pour 6 cubic feet of perlite into the wet cement mixture. Use only 3 cubic feet for half a 94-pound bag of cement, or 1 1/2 cubic feet when using one-fourth of the cement bag. The main objective of this study is to provide more data on the effects of expanded perlite on the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of lightweight concrete. This means it acts as a insulator. Bureau of Reclamation, US Department of the Interior. Lightweight concrete has a density of 115 lbs. Perlite concrete can weigh between 20 and 09 lbs. Perlite concrete mixed at a ratio of 1 part . Tests such as Water absorption, Sorptivity, Acid The concrete of our invention is structural con- crete with a minimum compressive strength of 2000 psi or 13.8 MPa. In this application, free-flowing perlite loose-fill masonry insulation is poured into the cavities of concrete block where it completely fills all cores, crevices, mortar areas and ear holes. produce lightweight concrete with 20 MPa-40 MPa cylindrical compressive strength by using natural perlite aggregate. Density (Typical) in kg/m 3: Cement in kg: Perlite in m 3: Water in m 3: Air Entraining Agent: Wet . Note: The Construction Specifications Institute Format-Spec Data Sheet written for conformity for: Perlite Loose Fill Insulation (Published by the Perlite Institute) Over time, and during formation and cooling, water is absorbed into the raw perlite ore matrix. mixing procedur e for expande d perlite concrete (EPC). At a ratio of 1 part cement to 4 parts perlite , you achieve a "k" value of 0.83 and compressive strength of 350 to 500 pounds per inch. It has a superior bond to steel reinforcing strands. The physical properties of perlite concrete vary according to mix designs. the sand substitution with waste perlite. . Applications Floors: In the experimental program, mixtures were prepared by partially replacing natural aggregate by expanded perlite and as a result, unit weights of lightweight concretes in . Expanded perlite can be manufactured to weigh from 2 lb/ft 3 (32 kg/m 3) to 15 lb/ft 3 (240 kg/m 3) making it especially suitable for use in insulation applications. Perlite is a type of volcanic glass that expands four to twenty times its original volume and becomes porous when heated. Physical properties of perlite concrete vary according to mix designs. In this application, free-flowing perlite loose-fill masonry insulation is poured into the cavities of concrete block where it completely fills all cores, crevices, mortar areas and ear holes. Styrofoam, and Perlite as aggregates are not suitable for structural purposes . Perlite is suitable in high temperature applications. At a ratio of 1 part cement to 4 parts perlite, you achieve a "k" value of 0.83 and compressive strength of 350 to 500 pounds per inch. Because of perlite's outstanding insulating characteristics and light weight, it is widely used as a loose-fill insulation in masonry construction. Perlite is naturally occurring alumino-siliceous amorphous volcanic rock. The mix proportion for 1m3 of perlite concrete, Water: Cement: Fine aggregate: Perlite aggregate 208 : 41 : 721.35 : 655.77 4.4 Casting of Specimens of After mixing, the conventional concrete mix and perlite concrete mix with different water cement ratio are filled in cubic and cylindrical moulds for testing. Perlite is a type of volcanic glass that expands four to twenty times its original volume and becomes porous when heated. Once the adjustment was made, a fourth specimen was casted with a 1:1:6 ratio and a w/c ratio of 0.4, as shown in Figure 3. The lower the density, the higher the insulating value. water and/or other additives producing a concrete with an oven dry density of 50 lb/ft3 (800 kg/rn3) or less. "Typically, concrete has a density of 150 pounds per cubic foot, which means that a block of concrete that is one foot wide, one foot long, and one foot high would weigh 150 pounds. In construction applications, perlite aggregates for plaster and lightweight insulating concrete have density ranges from 96 - 192 kg/m³ (6 - 12 Ib/ft³), in compliance with ASTM standards. The confirmed resources of perlite existing in Armenia amount to 150 million m 3, whereas the total amount of projected resources reaches up to 3 billion m 3. Perlite concrete mixed at a ratio of 1 part . Density (Typical) in kg/m 3: Cement in kg: Perlite in m 3: Water in m 3: Air Entraining Agent: Wet . Low-density aggregates, such as perlite (274) and vermiculite (275), are important ingredients in modern plasters. 1. It act as heat insulator, sound insulator from external sources. The most preferred density is 45 pounds per cubic foot (720 kg/m3). Because of its lightweight, there can be economies in the design of the structure. Perlite was then used to replace sand at 30, 40, and 50% by mass (resulting in concrete of a strength less than the targeted 30 MPa). Swimming pool bases. A (4) Both water absorption and sorptivity increase with higher expanded perlite amount. The Perlite concrete floor fill shall be installed by a properly trained applicator and shall be mixed and placed using equipment necessary to achieve specified density and compressive strength within the range as shown under Physical Properties. Density is defined as the mass per unit volume.It is an intensive property, which is mathematically defined as mass divided by volume: ρ = m/V In words, the density (ρ) of a substance is the total mass (m) of that substance divided by the total volume (V) occupied by that substance. Perlite concrete mixed at a ratio of 1 part cement to 6 parts perlite has an insulation value, or "k" value, of 0.64 and a compressive strength of 125 to 200 pounds per square inch. Our Gulf Perlite Construct is carefully packaged in 100 liter bags ready to be dispatched across the Arabian Gulf and beyond. Moreover the use of perlite powder reduces the dead weight further and therefore increases performance. Overview of Perlite Concrete Cement Perlite Expanded Washed Water Admix Dry Wet Compressive Thermal Yield Shale (ft3) Concrete (gal) (A&B) Density Density Strength Conduct- (ft*) EXPANDED SHALE ADMIXTURE (see Masonary Supplier for Recommendation) 15/16" 21/2" AAirEntrainment B Pozzolith 300-N (fl.oz.) Over-mixing may degrade the perlite and increase concrete density, reducing yield. You wouldn't need a whole lot of compressive strength for your application so it could be on the lighter end of that scale. The addition of medium-weight aggregate (pumice or expanded shale) will increase the density and compressive strength. The use of the correct amount of air entraining agent of the proper concentration is of extreme importance in successful perlite concrete construction. In both types, use of an air entraining agent improves workability, provides density regulation, and preserves insulation value. portland cement, air-entraining agent. The specimens Expanded perlite can be manufactured to weigh as little as 32 kg/m³ (2 Ib/ft³), making it the ideal insulation for cryogenic tanks and cold boxes. . Perlite for a Concrete Canoe. Perlite concrete can be made with a dry density of 20 lb/ft 3 (320 kg/m 3) or with the addition of sand or other aggregates up to 90 lb/ft 3 (1440 kg/m 3). This includes Perlite with a bulk density between 7.5 and 12 lb/ft³ (120 and 192 kg/m³), and Vermiculite with a bulk density between 5.5 and 10 lb/ft³ (88 and 160 kg/m³), as well as aggregate that meets the requirements of ASTM C 330 and ASTM C 331. Add all materials except perlite to mixer; then mix until this slurry is fairly uniform. The importance of properly designing and specifiying the mix and the proper use of the air entraining agent cannot be overemphasized. At a certain λ value, less material quantity must be transported, both by weight and volume. Water has the density of only 62.4 pounds per cubic foot." 2400 kg/m 3. It is normally made simply by mixing exfoliated vermiculite as the aggregate, with cement and water, plus additives such as plasticisers if required. table 4 -typical properties ** and mix proportions for perlite concrete typical properties typical mix properties cement to aggregate ratio (by voulme) dry density range lb/ft 3 minimum compressive strenght lb/in 2 wet density rang e lb/ft 3 cement ft3 perlite ft3 water gallons aea † 1:4 1:6 36 -42 24 -30 300 125 48 -56 38 -44 6.75 4.5 27 27 . table 4 -typical properties ** and mix proportions for perlite concrete typical properties typical mix properties cement to aggregate ratio (by voulme) dry density range lb/ft 3 minimum compressive strenght lb/in 2 wet density rang e lb/ft 3 cement ft3 perlite ft3 water gallons aea † 1:4 1:6 36 -42 24 -30 300 125 48 -56 38 -44 6.75 4.5 27 27 .
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